It is the writer's responsibility to guide the reader through the text. Cohesion refers to the way that texts use grammar and vocabulary to 'stick' ideas together.Coherence is concerned with how a writer guides the reader through the argument using logical connectors.Longer texts, such as an academic article, may make several arguments and would therefore include several patterns of organisation. Moreover, the writer also uses the conjunctions but, whereas and while to signal a contrast and makes use of adjectives and adverbs to compare the cars (for example faster, much more common). The writer makes use of pre-modifiers, such as both and each. This example provides some features of language that compares and contrasts two manufacturers of cars. While Ferraris are typically much fast er and much more expensive, BMWs are considered more reliable. ![]() Each is a European firm, but BMW models are much more common, whereas those of Ferraris are less so. For example: Ferrari and BMW are both car manufacturers. Patterns of organisation are used to link ideas together. ![]() There are a number of common patterns of text in academic writing, including: Identifying the structure of an essay or an article is one way of understanding its purpose. Texts are made up of predictable patterns of structures, grammar and vocabulary. Patterns of organisation (or patterns of text) refer to the way that a text is organised above sentence level.
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